![using op amp offset using op amp offset](https://i.stack.imgur.com/r09bd.png)
Should you use an OP37 or LM741? You decide you want really high speed, so you choose the OP37. Op-amps also come in many, many different design options, so choosing the right one can be difficult. I will be going over some of these uses in later steps. Some applications of op-amps include voltage buffers/followers, low-, high-, and band-pass filters, comparators, integrators, differentiators, peak detectors, voltage/current regulators, and analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters. In order to control the gain, you must implement feedback, connecting one input or the other to the output through one or more passive components like resistors, capacitors, or inductors. Many times you want the output to be a scaled version of the input, identical except for magnitude. This can be useful in certain applications, like generating a square wave from a sine or triangle wave, but not in all cases. That implies that an op-amp with no feedback will function as a comparator, meaning that if there is a difference in voltage between the two inputs (+ or -), even by the tiniest amount, the output will match the value of the corresponding supply voltage rail. Op-amps typically have an extremely high gain built in by default which you the user cannot change, and if you don't design feedback into the system, you'll saturate the op-amp very quickly and hit one of the voltage supply rails. If you switch the inputs and connect the inverting pin to ground and the non-inverting pin to your signal, the output will look just like the input (see image 3). On a graph, it would be completely flipped upside down over the x-axis (see image 2). If, for example, you connect the non-inverting pin to GND and the inverting pin to your signal, the output will be phase shifted by 180 deg and amplified by the gain. Note that for the non-inverting equation, you have an additional gain of 1 that you can't avoid. The inputs are labeled "inverting" and "non-inverting" and there are two equations to determine the gain value of your op-amp design, one for a non-inverting configuration and the other for an inverting configuration. You can also choose to have the output be the inverse of the input or match the input. Different op-amp designs have different maximum values that they can achieve for the gain, but for the vast majority of applications, you get to choose the level of gain you want to apply to the input differential. Regardless of what you are amplifying, be it voltage, current, or power, dividing the output by the input will give you your overall gain. The value of amplification is called the gain and is often seen measured in decibels (dB). By looking at the difference between the two inputs, and using the +/- voltage supplies as max/min output values, the op-amp will output a voltage reference value that can be many times higher than the input. Op-amps are usually two-input, one-output devices, with additional pins for +/- voltage supplies.
![using op amp offset using op amp offset](https://projectiot123.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/op-amp-input-bias-current-and-offset-current.jpg)
Some really good educational/instructional material is available here, under Chapter 5. I recommend you take the time at some point to read up on them though since they are so useful in so many applications.
![using op amp offset using op amp offset](https://e2e.ti.com/resized-image/__size/1230x0/__key/communityserver-discussions-components-files/14/2262.TINA_2D00_Vos_5F00_typical.png)
There won't be any heavy math involved, just some summarizing. If you could really care less about the theory behind op-amps or just don't want to read right now, skip this step.